ArticleBMC public health2026
The interplay of influencing factors in physical activity promotion for older men: insights through the capability approach.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe capability approach has gained increasing attention in the context of health and physical activity promotion due to its focus on individuals' freedoms to achieve desired outcomes. Its empirical application remains limited, particularly among older men, a group often underrepresented in physical activity promotion. This study applies the capability approach as a theoretical framework to investigate the relationship between individual and socio-structural conversion factors, perceived capabilities for an active lifestyle, and actual physical activity behavior among men aged 50 and older in a community setting.
methodsBased on a cross-sectional survey (N = 316), partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to assess associations between individual and socio-structural conversion factors (e.g., individual barriers, self-efficacy, structural barriers, and social support from family and friends, as well as a supportive neighborhood environment) and capabilities for an active lifestyle, and between capabilities and actual physical activity behavior. Explanatory power and predictive power were evaluated, and alternative model specifications compared.
resultsIndividual (r = -.38, f
conclusionThis study supports the application of the capability approach in physical activity promotion, demonstrating that individual and structural factors interact to shape older men's perceived capabilities for an active lifestyle. Social factors were not retained in the final model. The findings indicate that physical activity promotion should be tailored to specific needs of the target group. The findings emphasize that physical activity promotion should not only aim to increase behavioral outcomes, but also to ensure equal capabilities for all individuals, while acknowledging the role of conversion factors. Fostering such equitable capabilities for an active lifestyle, particularly for underrepresented populations in physical activity promotion, can be considered as a success in itself. Future interventions should account for diverse conversion factors and group-specific needs.
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