ArticleClinical rheumatology2026
Prognostic impact of autoimmune features in interstitial lung disease: a single-center retrospective real-world cohort study.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe real-world prognostic differences among connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD), interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), and interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IIP/IPF) remain uncertain, and the prognostic impact of baseline immunosuppressive treatment (IST) and radiologic disease extent are also unclear. We aimed to investigate whether autoimmune background was associated with survival in ILD and to identify prognostic factors at diagnosis.
methodThis single-center retrospective cohort study involved 566 patients with ILD who underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Patients were classified into CTD-ILD, IPAF, or IIP/IPF. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox models. Missing data were addressed with multiple imputations.
resultsThe CTD-ILD and IPAF groups showed better survival than IIP/IPF group. In the primary multivariable model using multiple imputation, ordinal ILD classification was associated with survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.95). Older age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05), male sex (HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.27-2.79), and diffuse alveolar damage pattern (HR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.35-6.00) were associated with higher mortality, whereas higher forced vital capacity (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99) and baseline IST exposure (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32-0.83) were associated with better survival. HRCT-derived ILD extent was not associated with mortality. In complete-case analysis, ILD classification was not associated with survival.
conclusionsIn this real-world ILD cohort, CTD-ILD and IPAF were associated with better survival than IIP/IPF; however, the association was not retained in complete-case analysis. Baseline IST exposure was associated with survival. Key Points • Prognostic impact of autoimmune background in ILD on everyday clinical situations has not been clarified. • CTD-ILD and IPAF were associated with better survival than IIP/IPF in a real-world ILD cohort. • Baseline IST exposure was associated with survival in ILD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42631904What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.