ArticleJournal of robotic surgery2026
Institutional evolution of a robotic otolaryngology program across consecutive da Vinci Si, Xi, and SP platform transitions.
Article in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Sustained development of a robotic otolaryngology program depends on coordinated technological, workforce, clinical, and educational development. However, how these elements evolve together over time remains poorly understood. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal program evaluation of 757 consecutive robot-assisted otolaryngology-head and neck procedures performed at a regional teaching hospital from 2013 to 2025. Annual volume increased from 10 procedures in 2013 to a peak of 122 in 2022 and remained high at 95 in 2025, showing a strong correlation with calendar year (Spearman's ρ = 0.923, p < 0.001). Negative binomial regression estimated an average annual increase of 21.5% (incidence rate ratio 1.215, 95% confidence interval 1.157-1.276). The program progressed from the da Vinci Si to Xi and single-port platforms, with the single-port system accounting for 52 of 95 procedures (54.7%) in its first year of deployment. The workforce expanded from one to five surgeons; the founding surgeon performed 531 procedures (70.1%), while four recruited surgeons performed 226 (29.9%). Clinical scope encompassed oral cancer, radical tonsillectomy, sleep surgery, benign and malignant tongue-base resections, parotidectomy, thyroid surgery, supraglottic laryngectomy, hypopharyngectomy, and other head and neck procedures, with distributions differing significantly across the three phases (χ² = 253.43, Monte Carlo p < 0.001; Cramér's V = 0.409). Structured multidisciplinary training and observation activities accompanied clinical growth and the program's development into a regional educational hub. This 13-year experience demonstrates the transformation of a single-surgeon service into a multisurgeon regional clinical and educational program across successive platform transitions.
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