Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42631802›Full record

ReviewAdvances in therapy2026

Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Cognitive Decline: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Margherita Grasso, Viviana Maggio, Filippo Caraci, Manfredi Rizzo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Margherita GrassoOasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
Viviana MaggioSchool of Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy. viviana.maggio01@unipa.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-2211-8482
Filippo CaraciOasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
Manfredi RizzoSchool of Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several lines of evidence suggest the relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline. Patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) present an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development than the general population, and it is known that brain insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) into AD. During recent years, emerging therapeutic perspectives have been proposed with the aim of targeting T2D-related cognitive impairment, and glucose-lowering drug classes, especially glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2is), demonstrated neuroprotective effects and a positive effects on cognitive function acting by several molecular mechanisms including anti-inflammatory activity, modulation of insulin signaling, and promoting the neurogenesis process. Different clinical trials showed their ability in preventing neurodegenerative decline, with numerous phase II and III trials underway in populations with AD; however, although preclinical evidence is promising and some clinical data are encouraging, translating these results into established therapeutic strategies requires larger, randomized, and controlled clinical trials with extended follow-up period, standardized cognitive assessments, and inclusion of molecular and imaging biomarkers. Addressing these gaps will be essential to determine whether glucose-lowering drug classes can be introduced into clinical practice to prevent or slow cognitive decline in patients with T2D, exerting neuroprotective activity beyond their effect on glycemic control.

Indexed as

Antidiabetic drugsBrain insulin resistanceCognitive declineDiabetesNeuroprotection

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.