Trial reportClinical oral investigations2026
Oral health effects of nicotine pouches in snus users: clinical and immunological findings.
Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesChanges in the oral mucosa are characteristic of snus-induced lesions (SILs), typically occurring at the site of pouch placement. These lesions are reversible after cessation. This study evaluated the effects of two non-tobacco-based nicotine pouches (ZYN MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this open-label, randomized longitudinal study, 45 daily snus users were assigned to either the dry formulation (n = 23) or the moist formulation (n = 22) for four weeks. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Lesions were graded on a four-point scale. Biopsies and saliva samples were collected at baseline and day 28.
resultsBoth groups showed significant improvement in lesion severity (p < 0.0001). No significant changes were observed in epithelial thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, total protein levels, IL-1β, TNF-α, or MCP-1. IL-8 levels increased significantly in the dry formulation group (p < 0.01).
conclusionsSwitching to nicotine pouches improved SILs without major changes in the inflammatory markers assessed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nicotine pouches were associated with improvement of snus-induced lesions in this study population.
trial registrationISRCTN13243849, registered 01/09/2022.
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