ArticleArchives of plastic surgery2026
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Facial Bone Fractures across Age Groups: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of 4,975 Patients at a Regional Trauma Center in Gangwon Province, South Korea.
Article in Archives of plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Patient age influences diagnosis, operative planning, and recovery in facial fracture care. We aimed to delineate age-dependent patterns in fracture sites, injury mechanisms, and management across pediatric, working-age, and elderly cohorts at a regional trauma center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 4,975 patients with computed tomography (CT)-confirmed facial fractures (2016-2021), stratified into <20, 20-64, and ≥65 years. Fracture sites, mechanisms, and management (conservative, closed reduction, open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF]) were recorded. Group differences were tested using chi-square/analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Holm adjustment. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of operative management. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (∼3:1). Nasal fractures were most common (42.3%) but declined with age (60.1%, 41.7%, 31.5%, respectively). Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and orbital fractures increased with age (ZMC: 10.3%, 20.7%, 30.8%, respectively; orbital: 14.2%, 25.6%, 28.1%, respectively). Mandibular fractures were more frequent in younger patients (11.6% vs. 5.7% in patients aged ≥65 years). In the elderly, falls (slip/roll/fall-down combined 52.6%) predominated, whereas assault and sports were proportionally higher in younger groups. Mechanism was strongly associated with fracture site ( Conclusions: Facial fracture patterns, mechanisms, and treatment differ by age. Findings support age-tailored prevention-fall prevention for older adults and high-energy injury mitigation for younger cohorts-and individualized strategies balancing functional priorities against systemic risk in the elderly.
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