ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Advances in Biomimetic Cell Membrane Nanoplatforms for Renal-Targeted Theranostics: From Pathophysiological Basis to Membrane-Stratified Design.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kidney diseases represent a major global health burden, with current clinical treatments impeded by short circulatory half-lives, inadequate renal targeting, and the risk of systemic off-target toxicity. Conventional synthetic nanocarriers face critical bottlenecks, including rapid immune clearance and insufficient targeting specificity within the complex renal pathophysiological microenvironment. While biomimetic cell membrane nanoplatforms (BCM-NPs) offer a promising solution, to the best of our knowledge, no previous review has systematically integrated the pathophysiological basis of renal targeting with a membrane-stratified synthesis of BCM-NP design for kidney-targeted therapy and diagnosis. This review first delineates the anatomical basis of the nephron and key pathological targeting sites for renal drug delivery, then systematically summarizes recent advances in BCM-NPs for renal-targeted theranostics. Finally, we critically discuss the major challenges that continue to limit clinical translation, including large-scale manufacturing, membrane source heterogeneity, quality control, biosafety, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and regulatory considerations. This review aims to provide a structured framework for the rational design and future development of BCM-NP-based precision renal theranostics.
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