ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2026
Sex differences in propofol-induced loss of consciousness: a clinical study on effect-site concentration and electroencephalographic features.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesSex differences in propofol sensitivity have been reported, but their characterization remains inconsistent, particularly regarding their electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates. This study aims to elucidate sex-specific responses to propofol-induced loss of consciousness and to identify associated pharmacodynamic and EEG biomarkers for informing individualized clinical dosing.
methodsFifty-four surgical patients (28 males/26 females) undergoing elective procedures were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Using the Schnider pharmacokinetic model, we administered target-controlled infusion of propofol with precise effector compartment targeting. Synchronized recordings of effect-site concentration (Ce) and prefrontal EEG activity were obtained at loss of consciousness (LOC) thresholds.
resultsPharmacodynamic analysis revealed a significant reduction in Ce of propofol at LOC in females compared with males (3.1 vs 4.0 μg·ml
conclusionOur findings demonstrate that females exhibit greater sensitivity to propofol-induced unconsciousness, as evidenced by a lower effect-site concentration, distinct enhancements in alpha and delta oscillations, and modified high-frequency coherence. These biomarkers offer robust evidence for sex-specific propofol dosing strategies, improving precision in anesthesia depth management and potentially mitigating overdose and awareness risks in female populations.
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