Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42630626›Full record

ArticleSubstance use : research and treatment

Naloxone Access in Schools: A National Survey of School Nurses in the United States.

Jessica B Calihan, Maria Christina Herrera, Samara Jinks-Chang, J Deanna Wilson, Catherine C McDonald, Nadia Dowshen, Chlo-Anne Bobrowski, E Jennifer Edelman, Sarah M Bagley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Substance use : research and treatment. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jessica B CalihanDivision of Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical CenterBoston, Boston, MA, USA.
Maria Christina HerreraSection of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-0540
Samara Jinks-ChangDepartment of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Deanna WilsonDivision of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Catherine C McDonaldDepartment of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nadia DowshenDivision of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Chlo-Anne BobrowskiConnecticut State Department of Education, Hartford, CT, USA.
E Jennifer EdelmanYale Program in Addiction Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Sarah M BagleyDivision of Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical CenterBoston, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Yale Drug use, Addiction and HIV Research Scholars (DAHRS)K12DA033312 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Gail D'Onofrio, Patrick O'Connor · 2013 to 2026
$7.2M
Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Young Adults Hospitalized with Infectious Complications of Injection Opioid UseK23DA048987 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI WILSON, JACQUELINE DEANNA · 2020 to 2022
$570k
Optimizing HIV PrEP Decision Support for Adolescents and Young Adults with Unhealthy Substance UseK23DA067328 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Maria Christina Herrera · 2026 to 2026
$191k
ACL HHS R49CE003566NIDA NIH HHS K12 DA033312NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA048987NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA067328
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To describe naloxone availability, accessibility, barriers and facilitators to naloxone availability in United States-based schools. Methods: In May and September 2024, we conducted an optional, cross-sectional national survey of K-12 school nurse members of the National Association of School Nurses. The anonymous emailed survey assessed: (a) nurse demographics, (b) school and community characteristics, (c) school naloxone availability and accessibility, (d) related barriers and facilitators, and (e) available naloxone trainings. Results: Respondents included n=462 school nurses (response rate 23%) from 44 states. The majority reported their school(s) stocked naloxone (90%); many (18%) reported prior naloxone administration on campus. A third (37%) reported restrictions on who can access/administer naloxone. Few schools (6%) provided student naloxone training. Nurses reported experience with prior school (11% respondents) and/or community overdose (44%). Conclusions: In this exploratory national survey, most school nurses reported that their K-12 school(s) stocked naloxone. However, many schools limit who can access and administer naloxone, and few provide training to students. There is an urgent need to improve naloxone availability and accessibility to optimize access to this potentially life-saving treatment.

Indexed as

health policynaloxoneoverdose preventionschool nursesUnited States schools

Identifiers

PMID42630626
PMCPMC13494342

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.