Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42630615›Full record

ArticleNeurology. Education2026

Education Research: Development of a Workplace-Based Assessment to Enhance EEG Interpretation Skills for Medical Students.

Hannah Kostan, Adam Dickey, Kareem Gadelmola, Alica M Goldman, Vaishnav Krishnan, Lu Lin, Gabriela Tantillo, Atul Maheshwari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology. Education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hannah KostanDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Adam DickeyDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-1290
Kareem GadelmolaDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2253-0285
Alica M GoldmanDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5491-5746
Vaishnav KrishnanDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Lu LinDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6724-8911
Gabriela TantilloDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Atul MaheshwariDepartment of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-7901

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Electroencephalography (EEG) interpretation is a core competency in neurology residency training, yet structured EEG education for interested medical students remains limited. Workplace-based assessments (WBAs) offer structured, formative feedback within authentic clinical settings and may address gaps in EEG education. We developed a novel EEG-specific WBA for use during a 2-week medical student "Epilepsy and EEG" elective to facilitate direct observation, structured feedback, and formative assessment of students. This prospective study evaluated the feasibility and perceived educational value of the tool, examined changes in faculty-reported medical student assistance over time, and characterized EEG features reviewed during WBA encounters. Methods: We conducted a prospective study during a 2-week Epilepsy and EEG elective at a single academic medical center (October 2024-February 2026). Students were asked to complete 4 EEG WBAs. Using a two-step model, students documented the verbal feedback and EEG features reviewed using a structured checklist before faculty completed a brief assessment using a 5-point entrustment scale. Faculty and students completed anonymous postintervention surveys assessing feasibility and educational value. Entrustment ratings were compared between Week 1 and Week 2 using the Fisher exact test. Results: A total of 20 medical students completed 79 EEG WBAs with 6 faculty members. The proportion of WBAs rated as requiring high levels of assistance ("I helped a lot") decreased significantly from Week 1 to Week 2 of the elective (48.7% vs 21.1%, relative risk: 0.57, 95% CI 0.37-0.87, Discussion: As a proof of concept, these findings demonstrate that WBAs can serve as an effective formative assessment tool for EEG education in a brief elective for a subset of medical students. This model may also be adapted for neurology residents and fellows. Limitations include a single-institution sample, short elective duration, and multiple potential sources of variability.

Identifiers

PMID42630615
PMCPMC13494825

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.