ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2026
Serum PreS1 antigen combined with vascular endothelial growth factor can identify low-level hepatitis B virus DNA replication in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic infection.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPatients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection exhibiting low-level viremia (HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/mL) represent a clinical "gray zone" with uncertain disease activity. Simple serologic markers are needed when high-sensitivity HBV DNA testing is unavailable.
objectiveTo evaluate serum PreS1 antigen combined with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for identifying low-level HBV DNA replication in HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection.
methodsThis single-center retrospective study enrolled 178 patients with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection (Xi'an No.1 Hospital, January-June 2025). Based on HBV DNA quantification, patients were classified into suppressed (< 20 IU/mL, n = 118) and low-level HBV DNA replication (20-2000 IU/mL, n = 60) groups. Serum PreS1 antigen (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), and VEGF (by quantitative ELISA) were measured. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used.
resultsThe low-level HBV DNA replication group had higher PreS1 positivity (53.3% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.001) and higher VEGF levels (191.75 ± 64.15 vs. 123.36 ± 39.74 pg/mL, P < 0.001). PreS1 positivity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 37.209) and each one-standard-deviation increase in VEGF (adjusted OR = 4.596) were independent risk factors. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for PreS1 alone was 0.745 (sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 95.8%); for VEGF alone, 0.812 (sensitivity 61.7%, specificity 91.5% at 172.32 pg/mL cutoff). The combined model achieved AUC 0.900 (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 93.2% at probability cutoff 0.328).
conclusionsSerum PreS1 antigen combined with VEGF showed excellent diagnostic performance for identifying low-level HBV DNA replication in HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection, offering a practical adjunct to high-sensitivity HBV DNA testing.
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