ArticleCureus2026
Prognostic Significance of Serum Thyroglobulin Levels and Clinical Factors in Assessing the Efficacy of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients With Hyperthyroidism.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionRadioactive iodine (I-131) has been used for decades as a definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism. However, therapeutic response in clinical practice varies considerably among patients.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether pre-treatment serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, patient age, and duration of disease could predict treatment outcome.
methodsA prospective study was conducted on 146 patients with confirmed hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or toxic adenoma). Treatment outcome (euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or persistent hyperthyroidism) was assessed six months after I-131 administration and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.
resultsSuccessful treatment was achieved in 118 of 146 patients (80.82%), while hyperthyroidism persisted in 28 patients (19.18%). Each one-unit increase in Tg raised the odds of treatment failure by 1.004 (p < 0.05). Each additional year of age increased the risk by a factor of 1.09 (p < 0.05), and each additional year of disease duration increased the risk by 1.28, though this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06).
conclusionPre-treatment thyroglobulin level and older age are independent and statistically significant predictors of poorer outcome, while longer disease duration showed a trend toward significance (p = 0.06). Patients with elevated Tg levels and a prolonged disease history may warrant consideration for higher initial radioiodine activity, pending further validation.
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