ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2026
Biomaterial-mediated remodelling of the inflammatory microenvironment: a pH/ROS-responsive EGCG-metformin hydrogel for infected diabetic wound regeneration.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic chronic wounds resist healing because persistent bacterial infection, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), unresolved pro-inflammatory responses, impaired angiogenesis, and defective tissue remodelling act simultaneously and reinforce one another. We therefore developed an injectable, microenvironment-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel, AP@EM-gel, to target these interconnected pathological processes. Methods: AP@EM-gel was constructed from dopamine-grafted alginate (Alg-DA), phenylboronic-acid-modified ε-poly-L-lysine (EPBA), and co-assembled epigallocatechin gallate-metformin nanoparticles (EGCG-MET NPs). Its physicochemical properties, pH/ROS-responsive drug release, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, cytocompatibility, pro-angiogenic effects, and macrophage-modulating capacity were evaluated Results: Dynamic boronate-ester crosslinking produced a self-healing and injectable network that released approximately 73% of EGCG and 68% of metformin under combined pH 6.4 and H Discussion: AP@EM-gel simultaneously interrupts infection, oxidative stress, dysregulated macrophage polarisation, and impaired angiogenesis. This pathology-responsive, multi-target hydrogel represents a promising smart dressing for infected diabetic wound regeneration.
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