ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Effect of bronchial thermoplasty on airway inflammatory and profibrotic gene expression after one-year follow-up in severe asthma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) reduces symptoms in severe asthma, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effect of BT on bronchial gene expression and its associations with airway structural changes. Methods: Bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and endobronchial biopsies was performed in 10 patients with severe asthma before and 12 months after BT. We assessed BAL cytology, biopsy histomorphometry, and mRNA expression of genes related to immune (e.g., innate or type-2 related) and profibrotic responses. Results: BT resulted in significant improvement in asthma control (ACT score increased from median 14 to 18, Conclusion: BT does not appear to fundamentally alter the immunological profile in the treated airways but is associated with a decrease in ASM thickness along with features of fibrosis. This was associated with increased BALF eosinophilia, suggesting heterogeneous effect of BT across airway compartments, further modified by corticosteroid reduction accompanying clinical improvement.
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