ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Frailty and its multidimensional correlates among hospitalized older adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and objective: Frailty is a clinically important geriatric syndrome that may increase vulnerability to adverse outcomes in older adults with chronic infectious diseases. Older adults with PTB often experience infection-related inflammation, nutritional depletion, functional decline, psychological distress, multimorbidity, and treatment burden, all of which may contribute to frailty. However, evidence regarding frailty and its associated factors in hospitalized older adults with PTB remains limited. This study aimed to assess the current status of frailty and identify multidimensional factors associated with frailty among hospitalized older adults with PTB. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled older adults with PTB from two tuberculosis wards of a tertiary specialist hospital in Ningxia, China, between January and June 2026. Eligible participants were aged ≥60 years and had bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed PTB. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL scale. Fall risk, anxiety and depressive symptoms, social support, and activities of daily living were evaluated using the MFS, HADS, SSRS, and Barthel Index, respectively. Demographic characteristics, disease-related variables, medication use, and laboratory indicators were also collected. Non-normally distributed continuous variables were described as medians and interquartile ranges. Group differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Results: A total of 225 questionnaires were distributed, and 219 valid questionnaires were included, yielding an effective response rate of 97.3%. The median FRAIL score was 2.00 (1.00-3.00), suggesting that many participants were in a vulnerable or pre-frail state. The median MFS, HADS-A, HADS-D, SSRS, and WBC values were 40.08 (25.00-50.00), 9.00 (7.00-11.00), 11.00 (9.00-12.00), 38.00 (34.00-42.00), and 5.30 (4.35-6.44) × 10 Conclusion: Frailty is an important clinical issue among hospitalized older adults with PTB and is associated with inflammatory status, social support, and fall-risk-related functional vulnerability. These findings suggest that frailty assessment should be integrated into routine care for older adults with PTB. Multidimensional screening that incorporates infection-related indicators, functional status, psychosocial context, and nursing care needs may help identify vulnerable patients and support individualized geriatric management during anti-TB treatment.
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