Stage-dependent differences of long-term outcomes between chemoradiotherapy and surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Norihiro Shimoike, Koya Hida, Takashi Sakamoto, Kazutaka Obama, Kazutaka Yamada, Kenichi Sugihara

Abstract readMulticenter Study

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of clinical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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6 authors.

Norihiro ShimoikeDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.

Koya HidaDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. hidakoya@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7210-7075

Takashi SakamotoDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.

Kazutaka ObamaDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.

Kazutaka YamadaDepartment of Surgery, Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.

Kenichi SugiharaScience Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER GENERAL FOUNDATION

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesEfficacy comparisons between surgery and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal have not been performed enough. Herein, we aim to reveal the long-term outcomes of CRT and surgery for SCC of the anal canal and to assess the optimal clinical stage-dependent treatment strategy.

methodsWe retrospectively assessed patients with SCC who were treated via CRT or surgery between 1991 and 2015 at 47 medical institutions in Japan. The associations of the treatment strategy with the overall survival (OS) and the cumulative incidence of the first recurrence categorized as local failure, inguinal lymph node metastasis, or distant recurrence were examined.

resultsThe OS following CRT and surgery for clinical stages ≤ II were similar (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.89, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.48-1.63); however, surgery was associated with lower OS for clinical stage III (aHR 1.82, 95% CI 1.06-3.11). Local failure was more likely to occur after CRT, and inguinal node metastasis occurred more frequently after surgery.

conclusionsOptimal treatments for anal canal SCC differ by clinical stage. Despite lacking QOL and organ preservation data, surgery might be an alternative option for stage I-II disease regarding long-term survival. More rigorous comparative studies are warranted.

Indexed as

Anus NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Squamous CellChemoradiotherapyAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansJapanLymphatic MetastasisMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalNeoplasm StagingRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeChemoradiotherapyLong-term outcomesSquamous cell carcinoma of the anal canalStage-dependent treatmentSurgery

Identifiers

PMID42629537

DOI10.1007/s10147-026-03128-6

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