ArticleJournal of endodontics2026
Strategies to Microengineer Vascularized, Mineralized, and Immunomodulatory Niches for Dental Regeneration.
Article in Journal of endodontics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRegenerative endodontic therapies aim to restore the vitality and function of the dentin-pulp complex, including the vascularized and innervated pulp and mineralized dentin. Although cell homing, stem cell transplantation, and scaffold-based approaches have shown promise in immature teeth, outcomes in previously infected, fully formed adult teeth remain inconsistent. These limitations highlight the need to better understand the interactions among vascular, immune, and microbiological factors within the pulp microenvironment.
methodsThis narrative review examines the dentin-pulp complex from a microengineering perspective, synthesizing preclinical and clinical studies of strategies to engineer vascular, immune, and mineralized niches using bioactive and immune-informed materials.
resultsCurrent evidence indicates that regeneration depends on the coordinated restoration of interconnected vascular, immune, and mineralized niches. Prevascularized constructs may accelerate integration with the host vasculature and support pulp-like tissue formation, whereas scaffold composition, architecture, and mechanical properties regulate vascular stability and immune-cell behavior. However, residual bacterial products, particularly lipopolysaccharide, may sustain inflammation and compromise the regenerative signals provided by these materials. Dentin-derived matrix molecules and premineralized scaffolds can support mineralized tissue formation and provide an early protective barrier, but reinnervation, intracanal calcification, repair rather than true regeneration, and the limited availability of clinically scalable cell and matrix sources remain important challenges.
conclusionsPredictable and functional regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex may require the integration of effective disinfection and lipopolysaccharide neutralization with immune modulation, prevascularized and premineralized scaffolds, and scalable sources of stem cells and dentin matrix. Strategies to restore functional innervation remain an important future direction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.