ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2026
Early-life wheezing and childhood cognition in the ECHO cohort.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNearly half of children experience wheezing illnesses in the preschool years, which could impair cognitive development.
objectiveWe investigated whether early-life wheezing illnesses are associated with reduced school-age cognitive function.
methodsMultivariable linear mixed models were run using data from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort. Participants included children (n = 1524) who were born at ≥34 weeks' gestational age or, if gestational age was missing, had a birth weight of ≥2500 g; had a wheeze history documented before 5 years of age; and underwent at least one Wechsler cognitive assessment between ages 6 and 12 years. Wheeze before age 5 years was measured via parental report, and cognitive function was assessed with the Wechsler scales between ages 6 and 12 years.
resultsIn unadjusted analysis, wheeze before age 5 years was associated with substantially lower Verbal Comprehension Index (-6.2 points [95% confidence interval, -7.9, -4.6]), Perceptual Reasoning Index (-2.7 points; 95% confidence interval, -4.2, -1.1), and Processing Speed Index (-1.8 points; 95% confidence interval, -3.3, -0.3) at ages 6-12 years. However, in multivariate analyses that accounted for cohort and multiple covariates, wheeze was not associated with school-age cognitive function. Socioeconomic and contextual variables, including annual household income, maternal education, and Childhood Opportunity Index, accounted for much of the association observed in unadjusted analyses.
conclusionIn a broad US population, early-life childhood wheeze was not associated with school-age Wechsler cognitive assessment scores. These findings highlight the importance of considering the broader socioeconomic context when interpreting associations between early-life wheezing and school-age neurocognitive development.
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