ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2026
Clinical practices in ADHD management across Europe: findings from the ESCAP research academy survey.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In several European countries, national clinical guidelines for the management of ADHD are lacking. In others, guidelines are outdated or do not address more detailed aspects of care, such as medication titration procedures or specific recommendations for school adjustments. Perceptions of the appropriateness of treatment, which influence the delivery of care for ADHD, are shaped by sociocultural aspects. Consequently, practices in the management of ADHD are expected to substantially vary across Europe. To better understand current practices in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of ADHD, as well as clinicians' perceptions of treatment appropriateness, we conducted an online survey among European qualified child and adolescent (neuro)psychiatrists and general psychiatrists or trainees involved in the care of children and adolescents with ADHD. The survey was developed and implemented by the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP) Research Academy, with input from the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG). It was completed by 1,441 clinicians of varying seniority from 23 European countries. The findings provide updated insights into ADHD management across Europe and highlight three key unmet needs. First, several clinically relevant areas lack sufficient evidence, including how to personalise treatment and identify practical predictors of treatment response. Second, some existing evidence has not yet been adequately translated into clinical guidelines or routine practice, particularly regarding comparative treatment effects and dose-response relationships relevant to medication titration. Third, some respondents reported needs that are already addressed in existing international guidelines, suggesting that language barriers may limit access to guidance and underscoring the importance of developing country-specific recommendations in local languages. Overall, this survey - to our knowledge the largest of its kind conducted in Europe - provides valuable information to inform future clinical guidelines, research priorities, and health policy. It also informs future training programmes aimed at reducing bias in the perception and delivery of ADHD treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42627426What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.