ReviewJournal of education and health promotion2026
Factors influencing financial protection of the elderly within the framework of universal health coverage: A scoping review.
Review in Journal of education and health promotion, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global increase in the elderly population, particularly in developing countries, has posed significant challenges to health systems and the financing of healthcare services. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the financial protection of the elderly within the framework of universal health coverage. This study was conducted as a scoping review based on the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Relevant information was collected by searching keywords in databases including PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, and the search engine Google Scholar, without any time limitations until February 8, 2025. EndNote X21 reference management software was used to organize the papers. Textual data were manually analyzed using content analysis methods. Out of 3,995 retrieved papers, 27 papers were selected for final analysis. The challenges related to the financial protection of the elderly in the health sector were categorized into eight main themes: contractual and legal challenges, financial and economic challenges, intersectoral communication and coordination challenges, infrastructural and managerial challenges, regulatory and executive challenges, cultural and social challenges, challenges related to service access and coverage, and administrative and bureaucratic challenges. Hybrid financing models based on taxation and insurance have provided better financial protection for the elderly and have significantly reduced catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. In countries reliant on direct OOP payments, elderly individuals are exposed to severe financial pressure. Countries with weak insurance coverage often resort to coping strategies such as borrowing and selling assets. The findings of this study indicate that financial protection methods and models for the elderly population, if properly designed and continuously monitored, can enhance the efficiency of health systems in protecting the elderly financially, improve equitable access of the elderly to healthcare services, and reduce overall costs for both the system and the elderly population. However, successfully implementing these models requires the development of clear policies, strengthened regulatory oversight, sustainable financing mechanisms, and improved intersectoral collaboration. Different countries must adapt financial protection models for their elderly populations according to their economic conditions, cultural contexts, and health policies, while drawing upon successful global experiences and formulating appropriate frameworks tailored to their local circumstances.
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