ArticleWorld journal of methodology2026
Clinical assessment of nail and skin lesions in indoor climbers: A clinic-based cross-sectional study.
Article in World journal of methodology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIndoor climbing has grown substantially in popularity; however, clinically assessed data on climbing-related nail and skin conditions remain limited. Tight, performance-oriented climbing shoes and repetitive training exposure may contribute to mechanical stress affecting the toes and forefoot, but evidence derived from direct clinical examination is scarce.
aimTo characterize the frequency, typology, and anatomical distribution of nail and skin lesions in a clinic-based sample of indoor climbers, and to assess associations with footwear compression and training exposure.
methodsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted from data on 156 indoor climbers attending a single outpatient podiatric clinic. Lesions were classified by type, anatomical location, laterality, and affected digit. Demographic, anthropometric, footwear-related (shoe size discrepancy), and training-related variables were also recorded. Associations between lesion burden and continuous variables were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation and non-parametric tests, with statistical significance set at
resultsPatients showed a mean of 6.6 lesions per individual (range 0-21), most exhibiting multiple nail and skin lesions. Hyperkeratosis accounted for approximately two-thirds of recorded lesions and was mostly localized to the first toe and periungual regions. Traumatic nail disorders, including Beau's lines, longitudinal ridges, onycholysis, and subungual hematomas, were predominantly hallux-related. Shoe size discrepancy showed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation with total lesion burden (
conclusionIn the selected population of the study, footwear compression and training frequency showed weak but statistically significant associations with lesion burden, while demographic variables showed no significant correlation. Although causal inference is not possible from this cross-sectional design, findings highlight the potential clinical relevance of modifiable sport-specific factors and warrant longitudinal investigation.
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