Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42626084›Full record

ArticleNAR genomics and bioinformatics2026

A systematic assessment of single-cell language model configurations.

Gaetan De Waele, Gerben Menschaert, Willem Waegeman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NAR genomics and bioinformatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Gaetan De WaeleDepartment of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-9699
Gerben MenschaertDepartment of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-2085
Willem WaegemanDepartment of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-3003

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transformers pre-trained on single-cell transcriptomic data have recently been applied to a series of tasks, earning them the title of foundation models. However, recent benchmarks indicate that current iterations of single-cell foundation models may often be surpassed by simpler task-specific models. As all currently published models in this class employ vastly different strategies, it is impossible to determine which practices drive their success (or failure). To help steer research in a more productive direction, we present a framework for the study of single-cell foundation models:

Indexed as

Single-Cell AnalysisAlgorithmsHumansSingle-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

Identifiers

PMID42626084
PMCPMC13490954

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.