SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2026
Early, midday, and late time-restricted eating impact on anthropometry and cardiometabolic health: a network meta-analysis of RCTs.
Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating in Women with Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Time-Restricted Eating Is Feasible and Acceptable and Improves Glycemic Control in Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury and Obesity: A Pilot Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluates the physiological effects of early time-restricted eating (eTRE), midday TRE (mTRE), and late TRE (lTRE), with and without exercise (EX), calorie restriction (CR), and control on anthropometric and metabolic indices in adults with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase up to April 24, 2025. A Bayesian NMA was performed. Treatment effects were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% credible intervals (CrI). Intervention rankings were assessed using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Results: Thirty-nine randomized controlled trials including 3,236 participants were analyzed. Most interventions, except mTRE + EX, reduced anthropometric measures compared with control. eTRE reduced fasting blood glucose (MD -3.64 mg/dL, 95% CrI -5.93 to -1.36) and HOMA-IR (MD -0.42, 95% CrI -0.83 to -0.03), compared with control group. eTRE + EX reduced HOMA-IR (MD -1.33, 95% CrI -2.58 to -0.08). Across outcomes, eTRE + EX and eTRE consistently ranked highest according to SUCRA. Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate for most anthropometric and metabolic outcomes. Conclusion: Although clear differences between TRE patterns and CR were limited, consistent SUCRA rankings favored eTRE, particularly when combined with exercise, which may suggest a potential role of meal timing in metabolic regulation. However, these rankings should be interpreted cautiously, as they were based on a limited number of trials, and the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate for most outcomes. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251018349.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.