ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Rearfoot striking is associated with lower modeled ACL loading during overground running: a musculoskeletal modeling study.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine knee ligament forces and conventional kinematic and kinetic variables across forefoot (FFS), midfoot (MFS), and rearfoot (RFS) strikes whilst controlling for running speed. Methods: Twenty healthy male participants performed overground running at 4.3 ± 0.2 m/s in each of the strikes. Joint kinematics, moments, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and cruciate ligament forces were determined using musculoskeletal modeling. Results: Results indicated that FFS exhibited significantly shorter contact times and smaller knee flexion angles compared to MFS and RFS ( Conclusion: These findings suggest that the reduced ACL loading in RFS may be linked to its unique GRF profile. Conversely, higher ACL loads associated with FFS were observed under the tested straight-line running condition. Understanding these ligament mechanics could provide valuable insights for future research on injury-prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols.
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