ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
The association between relative deprivation and cyber-ostracism: the mediating role of social emotions and the moderating role of self-esteem.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
As everyday social interaction increasingly unfolds online, individuals who feel relatively deprived may turn to these platforms for connection yet become more exposed to cyber-ostracism. However, the socioemotional mechanisms and individual resources that bound this association remain insufficiently understood. To address this gap, the present study tested a moderated dual mediation model to investigate the mediating roles of positive and negative social emotions in the relationship between relative deprivation and cyber-ostracism, as well as the moderating effect of self-esteem. A total of 1,508 undergraduate students (43.3% female; M age = 19.43 years) completed validated measures of relative deprivation, social emotion, self-esteem, and cyber-ostracism. The parallel mediation model showed a positive association between relative deprivation and cyber-ostracism, with significant indirect effects through reduced positive social emotion [indirect effect = 0.03, 95% CI = (0.011, 0.039), 6.78% of total effect] and elevated negative social emotion [indirect effect = 0.04, 95% CI = (0.012, 0.069), 10.82% of total effect]. In the full moderated mediation model, self-esteem moderated the paths from relative deprivation to positive social emotion, negative social emotion, and cyber-ostracism; the moderated indirect effect via positive social emotion was significant, whereas the path from negative social emotion to cyber-ostracism was not significant in this model. These findings advance theoretical understanding of the emotional pathways underlying cyber-ostracism, underscore the protective function of self-esteem, and inform intervention strategies aimed at mitigating deprivation-related risks and fostering healthier online social interactions.
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