ReviewFrontiers in medicine2026
Exercise-induced anti-inflammatory adaptation in older adults: a Bayesian network meta-analysis and dose-response analysis of C-reactive protein.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Global population aging is increasing the number of older adults living with chronic diseases and functional limitations. Chronic low-grade inflammation is common in later life and is associated with multisystem decline and age-related disease risk. C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are widely used circulating biomarkers in this context. Exercise may help modulate inflammatory biomarkers, but existing evidence remains heterogeneous across exercise modalities, prescriptions, and outcomes. Methods: This study adhered to the PRISMA-NMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420261397178). Six major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to May 2026. Fifty-four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling 2,836 participants aged ≥60 years were included. A Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using standardized mean differences (SMDs) to compare five exercise modalities: aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), mind-body exercise (MBE), and multi-component exercise (MCE). A model-based network meta-analysis (MBNMA) was further constructed with weekly metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-min·week Results: The evidence network demonstrated satisfactory overall consistency; network meta-regression did not identify baseline disease status as a statistically significant moderator of the dose-response curve ( Conclusions: Exercise interventions are associated with improvements in inflammatory biomarkers among older adults, with effects varying by modality and dose. AE showed the most consistent signal for CRP reduction. The apparent MBE advantage for IL-6 was not robust to exclusion of an influential study and should be treated as exploratory rather than definitive. Dose-response findings suggest a probable moderate-dose benefit region, but credible-interval uncertainty and substantial Bayesian heterogeneity indicate that dose regions should be interpreted cautiously rather than as fixed clinical thresholds.
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