ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Hard- and soft-tissue changes after adult Class II Division 1 orthodontic treatment: a retrospective CBCT-based observational study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Restoring facial balance is now central to adult orthodontic care, yet evidence describing hard-soft tissue coupling and short-term retention stability in non-growing adults with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion remains limited. Methods: In this observational study, 236 consecutively treated adults (≥18 years) underwent clinically archived cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) before treatment (T0) and within 2 weeks after debonding (T1). Ten hard- and five soft-tissue variables were measured on the T0 and T1 three-dimensional reconstructions and used for the treatment-change analysis. For the 12-month analysis (T2, Results: From T0 to T1, ANB, U1-NA and L1-NB decreased and the interincisal angle increased (all Conclusions: In non-growing adults, treatment was accompanied by predominantly dentoalveolar correction and by coupled soft-tissue change that was maintained at 1 year at group level, no mean change exceeding the error of the method. The coupling was consistent on average but explained a minority of the between-patient variance, and a small proportion of individuals showed measurable rebound, so the individual soft-tissue response remains difficult to predict. These observational data describe association and short-term stability, not causal benefit.
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