Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42625087›Full record

ReviewCurrent cardiology reports2026

Potential Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Alek C Keegan, Philip Greenland, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Neela D Thangada

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current cardiology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alek C KeeganDepartment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Philip GreenlandDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 N St. Clair St. Ste 19-100, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Donald M Lloyd-JonesFramingham Center for Population and Prevention Science, Section of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Neela D ThangadaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 N St. Clair St. Ste 19-100, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. neela.thangada@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-7508

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewTo review evidence on the role of circulating biomarkers associated with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) and adverse outcomes in people with PAD. RECENT

findingsThe ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a non-invasive, guideline-recommended test to diagnose PAD. Circulating biomarkers may offer additional insight into early detection of PAD and risk stratification of adverse events in people with PAD. Observational studies show that higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers (such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1), thrombosis biomarkers (such as D-dimer, fibrinogen), cardiac biomarkers (such as troponin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, lipoprotein A), and omic markers are associated with increased risk of developing PAD. Some of these markers are also associated with severity and adverse outcomes in people with PAD. While association studies have shown links between circulating biomarkers and PAD, no single biomarker or combination of markers is currently guideline-recommended for routine clinical use in diagnosis or management of PAD due to absence of clinical trial data showing that circulating biomarkers definitively improve outcomes in PAD. The current state of biomarkers in PAD suggests that further study is needed to determine whether biomarker-guided therapy will improve diagnosis or clinical outcomes for people at risk and people with PAD.

Indexed as

BiomarkersPeripheral Arterial DiseaseAnkle Brachial IndexC-Reactive ProteinHumansNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide FragmentsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTroponinBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide Fragmentspro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)TroponinInflammationLipoprotein AMajor adverse limb eventsN-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptideOmicsTroponin

Identifiers

PMID42625087
PMCPMC13493417

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.