Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis of age- and mechanism-specific injury patterns.

Teresa Knüppel, Katharina Feld, Sibylle Banaschak

Abstract read

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Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Teresa KnüppelInstitute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. tknueppe@smail.uni-koeln.de.

Katharina FeldInstitute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-2741

Sibylle BanaschakInstitute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-1250

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and long-term impairment in children and adolescents and is relevant to both clinical and forensic medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between age, mechanism of injury and injury patterns in fatal pediatric TBI cases. In a retrospective observational study, 96 fatal cases in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years were analyzed over a 20-year period. A bimodal age distribution was observed, with peaks in early infancy and adolescence. Traffic accidents predominantly affected older children and were associated with complex cranial and facial fractures as well as subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage (SAH, IVH). In contrast, abusive head trauma (AHT) mainly occurred in children aged two years or younger and was characterized by a higher prevalence of subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and an almost complete absence of cranial fractures. Age- and mechanism-specific injury patterns may help improve forensic evaluation in unclear cases and provide useful insights for prevention and clinical and forensic decision-making.

Indexed as

Abusive head traumaAccidental head traumaCraniofacial fracturesForensic pathologyInjury mechanism-morphology correlationIntracranial hemorrhage

Identifiers

PMID42625050

DOI10.1055/s-2002-25021

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.