Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42624955›Full record

ReviewCurrent psychiatry reports2026

GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists' psychopharmacology and putative neuropsychiatric associated effects: a Bradford Hill-informed, systematic, evaluation.

F Schifano, M A De Luca, S Bonaccorso, Davide Arillotta, G Floresta, G Martinotti, G D Papanti, J M Corkery, S Chiappini, A Guirguis

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current psychiatry reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

F SchifanoDrug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire Medical School, Psychopharmacology, Hatfield, UK.
M A De LucaDrug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire Medical School, Psychopharmacology, Hatfield, UK.
S BonaccorsoNorth London NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK.
Davide ArillottaDrug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire Medical School, Psychopharmacology, Hatfield, UK. davide.arillotta@yahoo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-0595
G FlorestaDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. giuseppe.floresta@unict.it.
G MartinottiDepartment of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
G D PapantiTolmezzo Community Mental Health Centre, ASUFC Mental Health and Addiction Department, Tolmezzo, Italy.
J M CorkeryDrug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire Medical School, Psychopharmacology, Hatfield, UK.
S ChiappiniUniCamillus International University of Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy.
A GuirguisUniversity of Swansea Medical School, Swansea, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis review evaluates evidence linking both GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1RAs' exposure to a range of neuropsychiatric outcomes using the Bradford Hill criteria for causal inference. RECENT

findingsGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide-GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) are incretin-based medications widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, with demonstrated cardiometabolic benefit and rapidly expanding population exposure. In parallel, post-marketing surveillance and emerging translational research have raised questions regarding potential central nervous system effects, including neuropsychiatric adverse events and psychopharmacological properties. Integrating data from receptor pharmacology, preclinical neuroscience, randomized controlled trials, and observational and pharmacovigilance studies, the strength, consistency, biological plausibility, and experimental support for reported associations with depression, anxiety, suicidality, reward-related behaviour, cognitive effects and retinal/ocular related disturbances were here assessed. Implications for clinical risk-benefit assessment were discussed as well. Current evidence supports potential biological plausibility of a relationship between GLP-1 RAs and a range of psychopathological disorders but remains insufficient to establish causality for most neuropsychiatric outcomes, suggesting the need for prospective, mechanism-informed clinical studies.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsMental DisordersReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneHumansGastric Inhibitory Polypeptidegastric inhibitory polypeptide receptorGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneAnxietyBradford-Hill evaluationCognitive dysfunctionDepressiondual GIP/GLP-1 RAsDulaglutideGLP-1 RAsGLP-1 receptor agonistsLiraglutidePsychopathologyPsychopharmacologyRetatrutideSemaglutideSuicidal ideationTirzepatidetriple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon RAs

Identifiers

PMID42624955
PMCPMC13493456

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.