Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42624316›Full record

ArticleContraception2026

Postpartum contraception plans among a cohort of pregnant incarcerated individuals.

Mary D Carmody, Isabelle Falk, Sreya Upputuri, Suzanna Larkin, Jamie Jackson, Marcella Boynton, Carolyn Sufrin, Kavita Shah Arora, Andrea K Knittel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Contraception, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mary D CarmodyThe Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Isabelle FalkDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Sreya UpputuriUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Suzanna LarkinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jamie JacksonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Marcella BoyntonDivision of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Carolyn SufrinDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kavita Shah AroraDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Andrea K KnittelDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: Andrea_Knittel@med.unc.edu.

Funding

POPULATION STUDIEST32HD007168 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ELIZABETH A FRANKENBERG · 1985 to 2026
$13.8M
Research Services CoreP2CHD050924 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN B GUZZO · 2015 to 2026
$9.6M
Multi-level factors affecting postpartum sterilizationR01HD098127 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ARORA, KAVITA SHAH · 2020 to 2023
$2.5M
Advancing womens reproductive health through research: the UNC WRHR Career Development ProgramK12HD103085 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Benjamin H. Chi, Genevieve S. Neal-Perry · 2020 to 2026
$2.1M
NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD103085NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD050924NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD098127NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007168
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOur objective was to describe patterns of postpartum contraception plan documentation and fulfillment among patients receiving prenatal care in a state prison system. STUDY

designThis is a retrospective chart review of patients over age 21 who accessed prenatal care in a state prison clinic between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021. We described demographic characteristics, contraception plans documented during prenatal care, and fulfillment of contraception method by hospital discharge for patients who delivered while incarcerated. For patients who had prenatal care for two or more trimesters, we also assessed the consistency of documented contraception plans.

resultsOf the total 890 patients, only 44.2% of all patients had documentation of a postpartum contraception plan while incarcerated. Overall, long-acting reversible contraception (9.1%) and permanent contraception (8.9%) were the most commonly documented plans. Of the 74 patients with a contraceptive plan documented in two or three trimesters, 64.9% consistently had one plan documented at all visits. Over half, 472 (53.0%), delivered while incarcerated and the most common type of contraception method provided at delivery was depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (13.1%) despite only 2.8% of patients having documentation of this method as their contraception plan during prenatal care visits while incarcerated.

conclusionsLess than half of the patients in the study sample had documentation of their desired goal for postpartum contraception. Patterns of documentation and fulfillment were likely a byproduct of a combination of individual preferences, anticipated length of incarceration, clinician practice patterns, and facility policies. IMPLICATIONS: There may be misalignment between patient preferences for postpartum contraception method and what is discussed, documented, or provided during incarceration.

Indexed as

Carceral healthcareContraceptionDisparityIncarcerationPostpartumPrison

Identifiers

PMID42624316
PMCPMC13616129

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.