ArticlePloS one2026
Intersectional analysis of early childhood stunting in households in Nigeria.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study assessed the trend in the level of under-five stunting across the different dimensions of the intersection of household wealth status (rich, average, or poor), type of place of residence (rural or urban), and gender of household heads (male or female) to identify households that were persistently most at risk of under-five stunting in Nigeria. A secondary data analysis was conducted on nationally representative children's data from four consecutive national surveys (Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey) conducted in 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in Nigeria. The study outcome variable was under-five stunting status (stunted and "not stunted"). The primary independent variable was household type derived from the intersection of the gender of the household head, household wealth status, and type of place of residence. Meta-analyses with forest plots were used to determine log odds ratios of stunting in different household types using Rich Female-Headed Urban (RFHU) Households as the reference category. Multivariate analysis was also conducted using a Generalized Linear Model for each year's dataset. The meta-analyses show that the odds of a child becoming stunted were significantly 4.26 times higher in PMHR, 3.25 times higher in PFHR, 2.92 times higher in PMHU, 2.59 times higher in AMHR, and 2.48 times higher in AMHU households compared to RFHU households. The multivariate models also show that from 2003, 2008, 2013-2018, PMHR (AOR: 5.12; 3.31; 4.22; & 3.72; p < 0.05), PMHU (AOR: 3.25; 2.75; 2.60; & 2.84; p < 0.05), PFHR (AOR: 3.58; 2.86; 3.47; & 3.07; p < 0.05), AMHU (AOR: 3.96; 2.47; 2.25; & 1.97; p < 0.05), and AMHR (AOR: 4.47; 2.31; 2.37; & 2.08; p < 0.05), consistently had significantly higher odds of predisposing under-five children to stunting than RFHU households. These findings offer fresh insights to guide policymakers in developing new policies and help program managers design and implement more tailored nutrition-sensitive interventions and programs for the households most at risk of under-five stunting in Nigeria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.