ArticlePloS one2026
The Congenital Heart Disease in Children: Kidney-Associated Conditions with Epidemiologic Endpoints (CHICKADEE) study: Study design and protocol.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common structural birth defect affecting 1% of live births. With improvements in medical and surgical management, there are now more than 2 million children and adults in the United States with CHD, a number that continues to grow. Children who undergo cardiac surgery for CHD face elevated risks of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney failure, and premature mortality-complications that are more prevalent in those with single ventricle physiology and increase as they get older. Although emerging evidence suggests that the excess burden of CKD observed in adults with CHD originates in childhood, these complications remain under-recognized because they are understudied in pediatric populations and represent a critical missed opportunity for evaluation and early intervention.
objectivesThis multi-center prospective cohort study aims to characterize the epidemiology, risk factors, and mechanisms of CKD and hypertension in children several years after CHD surgery, with a particular focus on complex CHD conditions.
methodsWe aim to enroll 300 children, 4 to 16 years old, across three clinical sites, 4 to 12 years after their initial CHD surgery. The cohort will be stratified by CHD severity with enrichment for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other single-ventricle defects. Primary outcomes include prevalent and incident hypertension, CKD, and kidney failure. The study will feature comprehensive phenotyping of kidney health through standardized clinical assessments, echocardiographic characterization, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and novel biomarker discovery using both targeted and untargeted proteomic approaches. A biorepository will be established to facilitate future ancillary studies. SIGNIFICANCE: This study addresses critical knowledge gaps in pediatric cardio-nephrology by providing the first comprehensive and collaborative longitudinal assessment of kidney outcomes in children with CHD-a population largely excluded from existing pediatric nephrology cohorts. The study aims to inform risk stratification, enable early detection strategies, and guide development of targeted interventions to preserve long-term kidney health in this vulnerable and growing population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.