ReviewInfection2026
Prevention and treatment of tetanus in China: a comparative review against international standards.
Review in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough China has successfully eliminated neonatal tetanus, non-neonatal tetanus, particularly among older adults, remains a persistent clinical and public health challenge. This narrative review synthesizes the current landscape of tetanus in China-covering epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment-and compares it with World Health Organization (WHO) guidance and practices in other countries to identify gaps and optimization strategies.
methodsA comprehensive narrative review was conducted across five core domains: epidemiology, pathogen and pathophysiology, prevention strategies, diagnostic advances, and therapeutic interventions. Data were integrated from the WHO, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, national guidelines, and relevant clinical studies, with comparative analysis against global best practices.
resultsEpidemiological trends show a clear shift in disease burden from neonates to older adults, predominantly in rural areas, with high case fatality rates (10-40%) despite low incidence. Advances in antibody detection include sensitive assays (e.g., quantum dot-based lateral flow tests), while treatment guidelines prioritize metronidazole over penicillin, with specific protocols for human tetanus immunoglobulin dosing and autonomic management.
conclusionAdult tetanus highlights critical immunity gaps in China's aging population. Refining immunization policies with WHO guidance and standardizing management may help improve outcomes. China's experience offers a valuable reference for other low- and middle-income countries undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.