Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42621820›Full record

ArticleJournal of primary care & community health

Community Paramedics in Australia: A Case Study Adapting the Canadian Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) Program in Rural Australia, Using an Implementation Science Approach.

Gina Agarwal, Guneet Mahal, Evelien Spelten, Ruth Hardman, Louise Reynolds, Simone Heald, Laura Hemming, Ricardo Angeles, Francine Marzanek, Christie Koester and 5 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Gina AgarwalDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5691-4675
Guneet MahalDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Evelien SpeltenViolet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Ruth HardmanViolet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Louise ReynoldsViolet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Simone HealdNorth Richmond Community Health, Richmond, Australia.
Laura HemmingViolet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Ricardo AngelesDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Francine MarzanekDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6745-5112
Christie KoesterDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Melissa PirrieDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1407-4775
Mikayla PlishkaDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jasdeep BrarDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Manasvi VanamaDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Sahar PopalDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ObjectivesCommunity Paramedicine (CP) is a rapidly expanding subset of paramedicine where paramedics work in primary care and community settings. The Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) Program, widely established in Canada, is evidenced to fill gaps and generate cost savings in the healthcare system, reduce unnecessary 911 calls, and improve patient health. Due to healthcare system demands, there was strong interest and need for an evidence-based CP program in Victoria, Australia.MethodsThis study investigates the adaptation of the CP@clinic program in Australia, informed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) 'Framework for Going to Full Scale'. Data was collected from meeting minutes documenting the scale-up and was thematically categorized within subsections of the IHI Framework.ResultsProgram scale-up began in 2022, and by 2025 was implemented in 4 sites and 35 locations, serving 676 patients. Key factors guiding the ongoing success of the scale-up included the presence of CP@clinic as existing best-practice, thorough assessment of the local context prior to implementation, building trust within the community, establishing strong communication networks, and integrating pathways for long-term sustainability.ConclusionsCP program expansions may benefit from using a guided implementation science framework, such as the IHI Framework for Going to Full Scale.

Indexed as

Community Health ServicesRural Health ServicesCanadaHumansImplementation ScienceOrganizational Case StudiesParamedicsPrimary Health CareProgram EvaluationVictoriacommunity-based health promotioncommunity paramedicineCP@clinichealth system integrationimplementation scienceinternational adaptationscale-up

Identifiers

PMID42621820
PMCPMC13494298

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.