Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42621134›Full record

ReviewIJID regions2026

Universal immunization program in India: a review of childhood vaccine updates over the last decade (2014-2024).

Tintu Varghese, Rohan Michael Ramesh, Manoj Jacob Dhinagar, Nancy Angeline Gnanaselvam, Rajeev Zachariah Kompithra, Deepak Thomas Varughese, Gagandeep Kang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in IJID regions, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tintu VargheseThe Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rohan Michael RameshThe Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Manoj Jacob DhinagarRural Unit of Health and Social Affairs, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Nancy Angeline GnanaselvamDepartment of Community Medicine, St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Rajeev Zachariah KompithraDepartment of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Deepak Thomas VarugheseDepartment of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
Gagandeep KangCentre of Public Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Immunization is a cornerstone of public health, protecting children from life-threatening, yet preventable diseases. Established as the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1978, India's Universal Immunization Programme is the largest in the world and has undergone major transformations over the decades. This narrative review provides an overview of key developments in childhood immunization in India during the last decade (2014-2024). Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant English-language publications from January 2014 to December 2024. Results: The review examines four major dimensions: the introduction of new childhood vaccines under the Universal Immunization Programme; trends in vaccination coverage and persistent inequities in access; the implications of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on routine immunization; and recent advances in childhood vaccination within the Indian context. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings highlight India's substantial progress toward universal immunization, while underscoring the continuing challenges in achieving equitable, resilient, and sustainable vaccine delivery systems.

Indexed as

COVID-19Digital healthFull Immunization Coverage (FIC)Mission IndradhanushNational Family Health Survey (NFHS)New vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42621134
PMCPMC13486357

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.