ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
National trends in hydrocephalus mortality in the United States, 1999-2024: a serial cross-sectional (ecological) trend analysis.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: How did hydrocephalus-attributable mortality trends and disparities evolve in the United States from 1999 to 2024, and what role did the COVID-19 pandemic play in shaping these patterns during and following its onset? Methods: Using national mortality data from the CDC WONDER database (1999-2024), we assessed age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) for hydrocephalus among population aged 0-85+ years. Temporal trends were evaluated via joinpoint regression to calculate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals, stratified by age, gender, ethnicity, census region, and state level. Results: From 1999 to 2024, a total of 20142 hydrocephalus-related deaths were identified and the overall AAMR for the U.S. population showed a slow but no significant change (AAPC -0.35%, 95% CI: -0.76 to 0.06, Conclusions: In summary, while the overall 26-year trend was stable, this stability masked a consistent reversal pattern across most demographic and geographic subgroups-an early decline followed by a recent increase-most notably among older adults, non-White populations, and residents of the Northeast and West regions. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and further investigation into the drivers of this recent shift, while also pointing to the potential value of maintaining equitable access to specialized neurosurgical care for vulnerable populations.
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