ReviewiScience2026
Undercooled liquid metal particles as gateway to low-temperature processing and non-equilibrium dynamics.
Review in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The continuous need to overcome thermal and miniaturization challenges in the fabrication of integrated circuits calls for novel alternative pathways to device and interconnect manufacturing. Efforts to achieve this goal, however, have been challenging due to limitations of the traditional equilibrium-based (Gibbsian) view of metal processing. This perspective demonstrates the application of metastable-metal processing as a platform for low-temperature and heatless solders with their subsequent effects on interconnect formation. In the process of realizing the solder, new understanding of non-equilibrium thermodynamics has emerged primarily around the solidification of deeply undercooled metals. This has led to resolution of the Kauzmann paradox (entropy catastrophe) through expansion of associated phase space to capture the contribution of tensions that drive deep undercooling.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.