ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Ankle-angle-dependent shear wave velocity of the Achilles tendon and triceps surae during passive dorsiflexion in runners with Achilles tendinopathy.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether runners with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (Achilles tendinopathy runners [ATR]) show altered ankle-angle-dependent mechanical behavior of the Achilles tendon and triceps surae muscle-tendon unit during passive dorsiflexion. Methods: Twelve ATR and 11 control runners (CON) participated in this study (ATR: age 43.9 ± 12.0 years, running distance 38.3 ± 22.3 km/week; CON: age 41.2 ± 13.7 years, running distance 48.2 ± 29.7 km/week). The participants underwent device-controlled passive ankle dorsiflexion (DF) from 30° of plantar flexion (PF) to 80% of maximal DF at 1°/s in the prone position with the knee extended. Shear wave velocity (SWV) (m/s) was measured in the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL), and Achilles tendon (AT). The primary analysis used repeated-measures analysis of variance with angle (30/25/20/15/10/5/0° PF) and region (MG/LG/SOL/AT) as within-subject factors and group as the between-subject factor. A secondary triceps surae-only model (MG/LG/SOL) included 5/10/15° DF because the AT could not be measured beyond neutral. Results: In the primary model, the region × angle × group interaction was significant, and AT SWV was lower in ATR than in CON at 10° PF (ATR: 6.97 ± 0.49 vs. CON: 8.70 ± 0.51 m/s), 5° PF (ATR: 7.97 ± 0.43 vs. CON: 9.31 ± 0.45 m/s), and 0° PF (ATR: 9.15 ± 0.57 vs. CON: 11.30 ± 0.60 m/s) (all Conclusion: The ATR group showed lower Achilles tendon SWV near neutral and consistently lower MG and SOL SWV across ankle angles. These findings suggest altered ankle-angle-dependent mechanical behavior of the Achilles tendon and MG-SOL components of the muscle-tendon unit in runners with Achilles tendinopathy.
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