Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42620999›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2026

School-level associations between health-related fitness, school characteristics, and academic performance among U.S. youth: an observational study.

Timothy J Walker, Andjelka Pavlovic, Christopher D Pfledderer, Derek W Craig, Kevin Lanza, Kempson Onadeko, Matthew Lee, Laura F DeFina

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Timothy J WalkerCenter for Health Promotion and Prevention Research at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Andjelka PavlovicKenneth H. Cooper Institute at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
Christopher D PfleddererDepartment of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin Campus, Austin, TX, United States.
Derek W CraigCenter for Health Promotion and Prevention Research at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Kevin LanzaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin Campus, Austin, TX, United States.
Kempson OnadekoCenter for Health Promotion and Prevention Research at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Matthew LeeCenter for Health Promotion and Prevention Research at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
Laura F DeFinaKenneth H. Cooper Institute at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Examine school-level associations between school characteristics, health-related fitness, and academics. Methods: This observational study included schools in the NFL PLAY60 FitnessGram® project. We used 2022-2023 school year school-level data from three sources: 1) school characteristics data from the National Center for Education Statistics website; 2) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) data; and 3) academic data (students at or above grade-level for math and English Language Arts (ELA)) from state department of education websites. We used mixed effects linear regression models to examine aims. Results: One-hundred-sixty-six schools had CRF data and 67 had BMI data. Economic disadvantage was inversely associated with students meeting Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) BMI standards (β = -0.10, Conclusions: Findings highlight fitness and academic disparities related to economic disadvantage and race/ethnicity, and relations between fitness and academics.

Indexed as

Body mass indexCardiorespiratory fitnessEducational outcomePhysical activityStudent achievement

Identifiers

PMID42620999
PMCPMC13487620

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.