ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Immune reconstitution and long-term survival outcomes in LTHIs and TPs living with long-term ART: a propensity score-matched cohort study in Xinjiang, China.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: To compare immune reconstitution and long-term survival outcomes between long-term HIV-1 infected individuals (LTHIs) and typical progressors (TPs) under long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a prospective HIV cohort in Yining City, China, and to provide evidence for risk stratification and follow-up management in long-term HIV care. Methods: The study included eligible people living with HIV (PLWH) from a prospective cohort in Yining City, China, with the observation period ending on 1 April 2024. Immune reconstitution (IR) was defined as the most recent CD4 Results: A total of 4,844 PLWH were included, comprising 2,788 LTHIs and 2,056 TPs. After PSM, 1,799 matched pairs were obtained. In the matched cohort, IR was achieved in 76.9% (1,384/1799) of LTHIs and 35.9% (646/1799) of TPs. LTHIs had a markedly higher probability of IR, with an absolute risk difference of 41.0% and an adjusted RR of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.92-2.17; Conclusion: Even under long-term ART, LTHIs showed a higher probability of immune reconstitution and lower post-classification all-cause mortality compared with TPs. These findings suggest that the initial disease progression pattern was independently associated with immune reconstitution and post-classification mortality risk, and may help inform risk stratification in long-term HIV care.
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