ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Regional dietary patterns and their impact on maternal, placental, and fetal fatty acid profiles during pregnancy: a multicenter study from Croatia.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Maternal dietary fat quality during pregnancy plays a crucial role in fetal growth, neurodevelopment, and long-term metabolic health. Regional dietary patterns may influence maternal-fetal fatty acid transfer, yet data integrating maternal, placental, and fetal compartments remain limited. This study evaluates the impact of regional dietary patterns on fatty acid composition in maternal venous serum, placental tissue, and umbilical venous serum in pregnant women from three distinct regions of Croatia. Methods: This multicenter prospective study included 44 healthy pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery in Osijek (Slavonia), Zagreb (Central Croatia), and Split (Dalmatia) during the study period (2014-2017). Fatty acid composition was analyzed in maternal venous serum, placental tissue, and umbilical venous serum using gas chromatography. Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) were quantified and compared across regions. The primary statistical methods used Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's rank correlation. Results: Maternal venous serum DHA concentrations and proportions were significantly higher in women from Split and Zagreb compared with Osijek. The AA:DHA ratio was highest in the Osijek group and lowest in Split, reflecting regional dietary differences. Fatty acid concentrations of total fatty serum in umbilical venous serum were strongly correlated with maternal serum levels (ρ = 0.71, Conclusions: Regional dietary patterns significantly influence maternal, placental, and fetal fatty acid composition. Diets rich in marine foods are associated with more favorable DHA status and AA:DHA ratios during pregnancy. These findings support targeted nutritional counseling and DHA/EPA supplementation in regions with traditionally low marine food intake.
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