ArticleFrontiers in dental medicine2026
Changes in saliva composition during different training phases in professional football players.
Article in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: This study investigated changes in salivary biomarkers collected by oral rinsing during different phases of a standard professional football training, and how these changes correlated with perceived training intensity. Methods: This study included 28 professional football players. Saliva was collected by means of oral rinse with water. It was collected at three time-points during a single training session: before training, after warming-up, and after outdoor training. Players were asked to self-report the intensity of the training after each time-point on a scale from 1 to 10. The following biomarkers were measured: protein, carbohydrate and immunoglobulin-A (IgA) concentrations, and enzymatic activity of Results: Protein concentration increased during training ( Conclusions: This study shows that saliva composition changes in response to a regular football training session. These changes did not correlate with self-perceived intensity of training.
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