ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with GMENA syndrome: clinical features, glucocorticoid response, and prognosis - a 12-year retrospective cohort study from a single center.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: GMENA syndrome (granulomatous mastitis, erythema nodosum, with or without arthritis syndrome) is a rare subtype of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). However, large cohort studies systematically evaluating its clinical features, response to glucocorticoid therapy, and prognosis are lacking. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 201 patients diagnosed with IGM at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu between January 2014 and January 2026. Among them, 20 patients presented with GMENA syndrome (GMENA group) and the remaining 181 served as the control group. Demographic characteristics, lesion features, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes were collected for both groups. The two groups were compared regarding glucocorticoid treatment response (early improvement and total treatment duration) and recurrence rate. Results: Compared with the control group, GMENA patients were younger at onset (31-40 years: 80.0% vs. 49.7%, Conclusion: GMENA syndrome is a distinct clinical subtype of IGM characterized by acute onset, more severe breast involvement, rapid initial response to glucocorticoids, and, after an adequate prolonged course, favorable long-term outcomes with low recurrence. Early recognition and a treatment strategy of prompt initiation followed by sufficient consolidation are recommended to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.