ArticleResearch square2026
Characterizing Tuberculosis Medication Side Effects Using Video Directly Observed Therapy Monitoring in Uganda: Opportunities for Digital Pharmacovigilance.
Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Monitoring medication-related side effects is essential to tuberculosis (TB) pharmacovigilance, yet remains challenging in resource-limited settings. Video directly observed therapy (VDOT) offers an opportunity to capture patient-reported side effects in real time. This study characterized TB medication side effects reported through VDOT. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 68 adults treated for drug-susceptible TB in a randomized VDOT trial in Kampala, Uganda, during 2020-2021. Side effects were recorded longitudinally through the VDOT platform. A severity-weighted burden score was developed from reporting frequency and severity, and latent class analysis identified burden subgroups. Results: Median age was 30 years; 50% were female and 31% were living with HIV. The most frequent side effects were joint/body pain (84%), body weakness (79%), and red/discolored urine (68%). Higher burden scores were observed among participants aged > 30 years (p = 0.030), people living with HIV (p = 0.023), smokers (p = 0.023), and those with lower TB knowledge (p = 0.033). Two subgroups emerged: High (66.2%) and Low Burden (33.8%). Conclusions: VDOT enabled longitudinal monitoring of medication-related side effects and revealed substantial variation in burden, along with associated factors. VDOT shows promise as a digital pharmacovigilance tool supporting patient-centered TB care. Future studies should evaluate its integration into routine TB programs.
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