Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42619433›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2026

Impact of Chronic Infection-Induced Inflammation on TREG Cell Homeostasis.

Zachary R Lanzar, Daniel L Aldridge, Julia N Eberhard, Elisa Cruz-Morales, Isabella O Conway, Molly E Bunkofske, Joseph A Pereira, Melissa Parker, Chryssa Kanellopoulou, Christopher A Hunter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zachary R LanzarDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Daniel L AldridgeDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Julia N EberhardDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Elisa Cruz-MoralesDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Isabella O ConwayDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Molly E BunkofskeDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Joseph A PereiraDepartment of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Melissa ParkerIncyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Chryssa KanellopoulouIncyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Christopher A HunterDepartment of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Funding

Immunity to CryptosporidiumR01AI148249 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHRISTOPHER A HUNTER, BORIS STRIEPEN · 2020 to 2026
$5.3M
Neuronal Latency and ToxoplasmaR01AI157247 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHRISTOPHER A HUNTER, Anita Koshy · 2020 to 2026
$4.7M
Mechanisms of combined CD40/TLR adjuvant-elicited cellular immunityU01AI160664 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI ADAMS, THOMAS A, HUNTER, CHRISTOPHER A · 2021 to 2025
$3.1M
Impact of Toxoplasma gondii on Treg homeostasisF31AI179240 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LANZAR, ZACHARY R · 2024 to 2025
$66k
Microscopy Core, and Flow CoreNational Institute of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases F31 AI179240National Institute of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI148249National Institute of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI157247National Institute of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases U01 AI160664NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI179240NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148249NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI157247NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI160664
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thymically-derived regulatory T (Treg) cells express the transcription factor Foxp3 and are maintained at homeostasis by the cytokine IL-2. These specialized cells mediate peripheral tolerance and determine the balance between protective and pathological T cell responses during infection. Acute infection of mice with Toxoplasma gondii results in thymic atrophy and reduced production of IL-2 that correlate with a "crash" in Treg cell populations. Here, kinetic studies of mice infected with T. gondii reveal that as acute infection resolves, there is a restoration of IL-2 and reversal of thymic hypertrophy associated with partial restoration of the Treg compartment. Fate-mapping of the Treg cell compartment showed that infection-induced thymic involution did not severely impact the ability to generate Treg cells. Moreover, the peripheral Treg cells that survived the infection-induced "crash" were the major contributors to the rebuilt Treg compartment. However, the use of antiparasitic drugs to reduce chronic parasite replication and inflammation improved generation of thymic Treg cells that contributed to the rebuilding of the Treg cell pool. These studies illustrate that infection-induced loss of IL-2 and Treg cells is transient, and despite the ability to generate thymically derived Treg cells, those peripheral Treg cells that survive the acute "crash" are preferentially maintained.

Indexed as

HomeostasisInflammationPersistent InfectionT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis, AnimalAnimalsChronic DiseaseForkhead Transcription FactorsInterleukin-2MiceMice, Inbred C57BLThymus GlandForkhead Transcription FactorsFoxp3 protein, mouseInterleukin-2infectioninflammationTreg

Identifiers

PMID42619433
PMCPMC13490973

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.