ReviewJournal of medical primatology2026
Non-Human Primates as Sentinels and Reservoirs of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases in Indonesia: A One Health Perspective on Pathogen Spillover, Surveillance Gaps, and Regulatory Frameworks.
Review in Journal of medical primatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsIndonesia harbors extraordinary non-human primate (NHP) diversity, yet deforestation, ecotourism, illegal wildlife trade, and urban encroachment are intensifying human-NHP contact, elevating pathogen spillover risk. This review synthesizes evidence on NHP-associated zoonoses within a One Health framework and proposes an integrated biosurveillance roadmap.
methodsA structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000-2025), informed by the PRISMA-ScR framework and using pre-specified host, geographic, and pathogen search terms, was conducted and supplemented by grey literature from WHO, FAO, BPOM, and Indonesia's Ministry of Health.
resultsFive priority zoonotic pathogen categories were identified: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus), simian foamy virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites. Surveillance capacity is fragmented and NHP-specific pathogen monitoring is absent from national systems.
conclusionsNHP-derived zoonoses represent a growing public health threat in Indonesia. A NHP-inclusive One Health surveillance system integrating molecular diagnostics, geographic information systems, and cross-sectoral regulatory coordination is urgently needed.
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Registered trials
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