Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42618958›Full record

ReviewBioelectronic medicine2026

Accelerating the development of bioelectronic medicine: overview and impact of the NIH Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) initiative.

Katelynn A Milora, Rebecca M Black, Andrew C Weitz, Michael B Wolfson, Jessica Falcone, Eric Hudak, Brooks Gross, Nicholas Langhals, Sahana N Kukke, Daniel Anthony Casco and 5 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Bioelectronic medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Katelynn A MiloraOffice of Strategic Coordination (OSC), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rebecca M BlackOffice of Strategic Coordination (OSC), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Andrew C WeitzNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Michael B WolfsonNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jessica FalconeNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Eric HudakNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Brooks GrossNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nicholas LanghalsNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sahana N KukkeOffice of Strategic Coordination (OSC), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Daniel Anthony CascoOffice of Strategic Coordination (OSC), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kristina FaulkOffice of Strategic Coordination (OSC), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Julia BerzhanskayaNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Wen G ChenNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6707 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Emrin HorgusluogluNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6707 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Felicia QashuOffice of Strategic Coordination (OSC), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA. felicia.qashu@nih.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund supports bold scientific programs that catalyze discovery across all biomedical and behavioral research to address high priority challenges for the NIH as a whole and make a broader impact in the scientific community. In 2015, the NIH Common Fund established the Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) program. This program's overall goal was to accelerate the development of neuromodulation, a field of study that uses bioelectronic devices to deliver electrical current to nervous system tissues to produce therapeutic effects in patients. Because the nervous system impacts all bodily functions, neuromodulation therapies have the potential to treat a variety of health conditions by regulating nerves that innervate affected bodily tissues and organs, with high specificity and few side effects. The SPARC program aimed to capitalize on recent advances in technology to deliver detailed, integrated functional and anatomical neural circuit maps for organs and to provide the necessary scientific foundation for clinical translation of more effective and advanced neuromodulation devices and stimulation protocols. Here we outline the SPARC program's contribution to the field of neuromodulation over the past ten years, laying a comprehensive foundation of knowledge to inspire future research and accelerate translation. We discuss the reasoning behind the formation of the program, its structure, and outcomes.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)ConsortiumNeuromodulationPeripheral Nervous System (PNS)SPARCVagus Nerve

Identifiers

PMID42618958
PMCPMC13488270

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.