Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42616866›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Topological mixing and irreversibility in animal chromosome evolution.

Darrin T Schultz, Arno Blümel, Dalila Destanović, Fatih Sarigol, Oleg Simakov

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Darrin T SchultzDepartment of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-1190-1122
Arno BlümelDepartment of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.ORCID 0009-0000-8672-2319
Dalila DestanovićDepartment of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
Fatih SarigolDepartment of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5842-6114
Oleg SimakovDepartment of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3585-4511

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal chromosome homology can persist over hundreds of millions of years, despite fusions and translocations. The frequency, pace, and impact of these changes remain unclear. We develop a multiscale manifold representation of pan-animal genome homology to compare 5821 chromosome-scale genomes across 19 phyla and 4454 species. This "evolutionary genome topology" approach simultaneously captures chromosomal and subchromosomal organization. We find that while all 406 pairwise fusions of 29 ancestral animal linkage groups have been sampled by metazoan genome diversity, the full combinatorial potential within chromosomes remains far from explored. Our approach shows that irreversible genomic changes, caused in particular by chromosomal consolidation, dissociation, and fusion-with-mixing, place clades in distinct regions of genome architecture space. Progressive accumulation of these mixed states across genomic scales contributes to the diverging paths of animal genome evolution and has a long-lasting impact on a broad range of genes, including key developmental loci.

Indexed as

ChromosomesEvolution, MolecularAnimalsGenomeGenomicsPhylogeny

Identifiers

PMID42616866
PMCPMC13508932

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.