SynthesisIndian pediatrics2026
Comparative Efficacy, Safety, and Cost of Different Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Agents for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Indian pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pragmatic Respiratory Stabilization During Neonatal Intubation-What Does this Trial Add for Indian NICUs?Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextPediatric empyema thoracis is a serious complication of bacterial pneumonia, and poses management challenges due to the absence of evidence-based guidelines on optimal treatment approaches. Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents are frequently used to enhance pleural drainage and avoid surgical intervention in pediatric empyema thoracis; however, the comparative efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of different fibrinolytic agents remain uncertain.
objectiveTo systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety, and cost of different intrapleural fibrinolytic agents in children with empyema thoracis, to develop evidence-based recommendations for informing clinical decision-making. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, OpenGrey, and four clinical trial registries was done, from their inception. Studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review if they were randomized controlled trials (RCT) including children under 18 years old with empyema thoracis (defined by any standard definition), comparing different fibrinolytic agents such as streptokinase, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator. The main outcomes included treatment failure, need for surgery, serious adverse events, and short-term clinical outcomes. Other outcomes were length of hospital stay, symptom duration, and cost.
resultsA total of 3110 records was identified; after de-duplication, 2022 unique citations were screened. A three-step screening process identified no RCT meeting the eligibility criteria. The available studies had other study designs, or lacked pediatric data.
conclusionsCurrent evidence is insufficient to determine the most effective and safe fibrinolytic agent for pediatric empyema thoracis. There is an urgent need for well-designed, comparative pediatric trials to support evidence-based treatment guidelines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42616246What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.